Thus, John may have never met Jesus prior to His baptism. Matthew 4: 13 - 17 Jesus is baptized by John. [35][36] John used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament[37] of his pre-messianic movement. St. John the Baptist was an ascetic Jewish prophet known in Christianity as the forerunner of Jesus. John's day comes at the time when the sun is beginning to decrease"[230], Saint John the Baptist's beheading is said to have taken place in Machaerus, in central Jordan.[231][232][233]. In Orthodox icons, he often has angel's wings, since Mark 1:2[200] describes him as a messenger. [211] The isolated motif of the severed head, often on its platter, was a frequent image, often in sculpture, from the late Middle Ages onwards,[212] known as Ioannes in disco (Latin for "John on a plate"). In the so-called "wilderness of Judea" John tended his sheep along a brook that was tributary to a larger stream which entered the Dead Sea at Engedi. The primary sources for information about Johns life and activity are the four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), The Acts of the Apostles, and the Jewish historian Flavius Josephuss The Antiquities of the Jews. He was orphaned at a young age. The disciples returned to John the Baptist. God worked a miracle in his life to provide a herald to announce the coming of the Messiah, another indication that the . God does reward those who depend on him. Most biblical scholars agree that John baptized Jesus,[38][39] and several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. The prophets Isaiah and Malachi foretold . Filled with the Holy Spirit, he praised God and prophesied about his son's life. Luke 1:5 In the days of Herod, king of Judea, there was a priest named Zechariah, of the division of Abijah; and he had a wife of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth. Jesus said his claims were reliable, because he knew John the Baptist's testimony about Jesus was reliable, even though Jesus didn't need human testimony. The Gospel refers to Antipas as "King"[50] and the ex-husband of Herodias is named as Philip, but he is known to have been called Herod. She married Zechariah, of the priestly order of Abijah 1 (or . He also says, I baptize you with water; he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire; this second baptism might symbolize the judgment the one coming would carry out. God worked a miracle in his life to provide a herald to announce the coming of the Messiah, another indication that the life of Jesus was divinely planned. Jesus replied, "To be sure, Elijah comes and will restore all things. John the Baptist[note 1] (c.1st century BC c.AD 30) was a Judaean mission preacher active in the area of Jordan River in the early 1st century AD. This conversation would have taken place beforeMarys or Josephs visit from angels announcing the coming birth of Christ. Some Jews believed God later destroyed Herod Antipas' army as a punishment, because he had unjustly executed John the Baptist. Updated on September 15, 2020. The custom is similar in form to Songkran and Holi, and serves as a playful respite from the intense tropical heat. And behold, even your relative Elizabeth has also conceived a son in her old age; and she who was called barren is now in her sixth month. Luke 1:36 NASB and the king James says cousin. They also teach that, following his death, John descended into Hades and there once more preached that Jesus the Messiah was coming, so he was the Forerunner of Christ in death as he had been in life. The Romans kept very accurate records of births and deaths and would have known exactly who was two years old and younger. Scholars studying John the Baptist's relationship with Jesus of Nazareth have commented on the differences in their respective approaches. He was born somewhere in Judaea (localized at En Kerem from at least 530 ce) to Zechariah, a priest of the order of Abijah, and his wife, Elizabeth, perhaps a relative of Mary, the mother of Jesus. Marys genealogy had to come from Judah. By. [77], Upon literary analysis, it is clear that John is the "testifier and confessor par excellence", particularly when compared to figures like Nicodemus.[78]. B. Eerdmans, 19381958), 1108. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints teaches that modern revelation confirms the biblical account of John and also makes known additional events in his ministry. In using these works for historical reconstruction, allowances must be made for the known tendencies of each writer. Herodias wanted John killed, but Herod Antipas protected John because he knew John was a just and holy man. [55] There are a variety of opinions about how much actual historical material it contains, especially given the alleged factual errors. In Bible times, the Jews traced their ancestry back to one of Jacobs twelve sons. Oxford: Oxford University Press on behalf of the University of Manchester, 1994. When Zechariah's prayer for a son was finally answered, announced in a personal visit by an angel, Zechariah still doubted God's word. [197][198], Harold W. Attridge agrees with Crossan that John was an apocalyptic preacher. The Jews of Jesus' day expected Elijah to come before the Messiah; indeed, some present day Jews continue to await Elijah's coming as well, as in the Cup of Elijah the Prophet in the Passover Seder. In his letter to Pope Pius IX, Bah'u'llh wrote: O followers of the Son! As far as the culture of Jesus time goes, it was more important that Joseph be a blood descendant of David than Mary. For more see in this article at "Religious views: Christianity", under "Catholic Church" and "Eastern Christianity". Matthew 14: 1 - 12 John the Baptist is killed in prison by King Herod. Biblical References: Luke 1: 1 - 79 The story about how Zechariah and Elizabeth give birth to John the Baptist. When did John the Baptist die and how? The Jewish historian, Flavius Josephus, seems to place his death much later, in late 35 or early 36 CE. [135][136], The Unification Church teaches that God intended John to help Jesus during his public ministry in Judea. St. John the Baptist, (born 1st decade bce, Judaea, Palestine, near Jerusalemdied 2836 ce; feast day June 24), Jewish prophet of priestly origin who preached the imminence of Gods Final Judgment and baptized those who repented in self-preparation for it; he is revered in the Christian church as the forerunner of Jesus Christ. The Fact That Jesus of Nazareth Was Not Accepted as Messiah Was Not Due to the People's Lack Of Faith In God. His disciples told him Jesus was successful; John endorsed Jesus as his superior and the Son of God. John the Baptist (c. 1st century BC - c. AD 30) was a Judaean mission preacher active in the area of Jordan River in the early 1st century AD. Now the Jews had an opinion that the destruction of this army was sent as a punishment upon Herod, and a mark of God's displeasure to him. His father, according to tradition was murdered by Herod's men when the king ordered the murder of all children under the age of two and he refused to disclose John's whereabouts. The Gospel According to John reduces the Baptist from an Elijah to a model Christian preacher, a mere voice; it omits any description of Jesus baptism. Later, King Herod put John the Baptist in prison. Old Town Sozopol Bulgaria's 'Rescued' Miracle and Its Modern Day Saviors. On this see Chapter V, "The Power of Women", in H. Diane Russell; Prologue about John the Baptist's identity and mission, John the Baptist was executed by beheading, Beheading of Saint John the Baptist Relics, Monastery of Saint John in the Wilderness, First and Second Finding of the Head of St. John the Baptist, Conception of the Honorable Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, Synaxis of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, First and second finding of the Honorable Head of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner, and Baptist of the Lord, John, Third Finding of the Honorable Head of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist John, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Harmony Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Historical background of the New Testament, List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources, St. John the Baptist Cathedral (disambiguation), Saint John the Baptist Church (disambiguation), Statue of John the Baptist, Charles Bridge, "John the Baptist, the Precursor of Christ", " :: ()", "H : ", ": , (7 )", "St. John the Baptist | Facts, Feast Day, & Death | Britannica", "Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 11:14 New King James Version", "Bible Gateway passage: Luke 1:17 New King James Version", "Bible Gateway passage: 1:36 SBL Greek New Testament", https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/515366/sacrament, "Few would doubt the basic factJesus was baptized by John", "Isaiah 40.3 NRSV A voice cries out: "In the wilderness", Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture Luke: New Testament III, "Online Bible New International Version", "The Holy Finger at the Nelson-Atkins is an unusual piece of biblical history", "Are these the bones of John the Baptist? Learn Religions, Dec. 6, 2021, learnreligions.com/zechariah-father-of-john-the-baptist-701075. Herod reluctantly agreed, and John was beheaded in the prison. Johns denunciation of this marriage doubtless presented Herod with the danger that his Jewish subjects would combine with his semi-Arab subjects in opposition to him. Most of our stories of Jesus birth start with an angel speaking to either Mary or Joseph, right? Moses: The Old Testaments Greatest Prophet. In accordance with Zechariah's prayer, God made John and Jesus, who according to exegesis was born six months later,[179] renew the message of God, which had been corrupted and lost by the Israelites. [33][34], Some scholars maintain that John belonged to the Essenes, a semi-ascetic Jewish sect who expected a messiah and practiced ritual baptism. There were several other baptizing groups found about the same time and place, but none of these various and little-known baptisms can be shown to have inspired Johns. 2 (2007). Elizabeth is almost ready to have her baby. Deffinbaugh suggests that John might have been looking for inauguration of the kingdom of God in a more dramatic way than what Jesus was presenting, as John had previously warned that the "Messiah would come with fire." He is sometimes alternatively referred to as John the Baptiser. Jesus , fearing an increase of ill-will on the part of Antipas, took precautions and retired to the desert, where many . "For the early church it would have been something of an embarrassment to say that Jesus, who was in their minds superior to John the Baptist, had been baptized by him, and thereby proclaimed some sort of subordination to him, some sort of disciple relationship to him"[194], Barbara Thiering questions the dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls and suggests that the Teacher of Righteousness (leader of the Essenes) preached coming fiery judgment, said "the axe is laid to the roots of the tree", called people "vipers", practiced baptism and lived in the wilderness of Judea. [76] John confirms that he is not the Christ nor Elijah nor 'the prophet' when asked by Jewish priests and Pharisees; instead, he described himself as the "voice of one crying in the wilderness". (Matthew and Luke drop the first part of the reference.)[47]. [125] In her Treatise of Prayer, Saint Catherine of Siena includes a brief altercation with the Devil regarding her fight due to the Devil attempting to lure her with vanity and flattery. Johns followers were characterized by penitent fasting, beyond the demands of Jewish Law, and special prayers. [citation needed]. Even at the moment that John seemed to be doubting Jesus, Jesus still praised him as "more than a prophet" and "the greatest born of women.". As John the Baptist's father, Zechariah played a key role in God's plan of salvation because of his righteousness and obedience. [170] His father Zechariah was also an Islamic prophet. Jesus's baptism is implied but not depicted. ( Luke 1:5) His birth was foretold by an angel sent from God, and is related at length in Luke 1.The birth of John preceded by six months that of our Lord. The chosen people of God prayed for Him in the hardships of Egypt, the oppression of the . Studia Antiqua 5, no. All four Gospels recognize in John the start of the Christian era, and each in its own way tries to reconcile Johns precedence in time and Jesus acceptance of his message and of a baptism of repentance from his hands (elements suggesting subordination to John) with the authors belief in Jesus as the Messiah and Son of God. (Mark 10:27, NIV). [103][104], In 2010, bones were discovered in the ruins of a Bulgarian church in the St. John the Forerunner Monastery (4th17th centuries) on the Black Sea island of Sveti Ivan (Saint John) and two years later, after DNA and radio carbon testing proved the bones belonged to a Middle Eastern man who lived in the 1st century AD, scientists said that the remains could conceivably have belonged to John the Baptist. [236], He is also patron of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston, which covers the whole of South Carolina in the United States. According to tradition, this would place his death about 29 or 30 CE. [43]:24[155][156] John is a messenger of Light (nhura) and Truth (kushta) who possessed the power of healing and full Gnosis (manda). According to the Gospel of Luke, Elisabeth was a daughter of Aaron the high priest . [178] As a gift from God, Zechariah (or Zakaria) was given a son by the name of "Yaya" or "John", a name specially chosen for this child alone. "Meet Zechariah: John the Baptist's Father." It was a sad thing in those days to have no children. John's disciples take the body away and bury it in a tomb. Amiens Cathedral, which holds one of the alleged heads of the Baptist, has a biographical sequence in polychrome relief, dating from the 16th century. He was active in the region of the lower Jordan valley, from Aenon near Salim (near modern Nblus) to a point east of Jericho. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Bible References: In Isaiah 40:3 and Malachi 4:5, John's coming was foretold. Herod Antipas later had John the Baptist executed 'to prevent any mischief he might cause, and not bring himself into difficulties'. The Bible contains no record of who baptized John the Baptist, nor does it say whether John was baptized at all. [152] He plays a large part in their religious texts such as the Ginza Rabba and the Mandaean Book of John. The Knowledge of Life. 35-36 ce. [157]:48 Mandaean texts make it abundantly clear that early Mandaeans were extremely loyal to John and viewed him as a prophetic reformer of the ancient Mandaean/Israelite tradition. He was six months older than Jesus. [60] The book of Matthew next has Jesus coming to John to be baptized, but John objects because he is not worthy because Jesus is the one that brings the baptism in the Spirit.[61]. It appears that he began his ministry as a prophet at around the age of thirty as did Jesus. LUKE 1:57-79. Many people claim that John was saved in the womb and use this passage as evidence. 'John the Baptizer' Iuhana Mabana)[16] is considered the greatest prophet of the Mandaeans. 1 John 3:9 says that those who have the seed (Holy Spirit) do not (willfully) sin, so did John the Baptist ever willfully sin? Elizabeth died forty days after her husband, and Saint John, preserved by the Lord, dwelt in the wilderness until the day of his appearance to the nation of Israel. [199], The earliest depictions of St John are found in the Baptism of Christ,[19] one of the earliest scenes from the Life of Christ to be frequently depicted in Early Christian art, and John's tall, thin, even gaunt, and bearded figure is already established by the 5th century. The Gospels vary in their depiction of John's relationship to Elijah. Johns execution certainly preceded Aretass victory over Herod in 3536, a defeat popularly considered to have been divine vengeance on Herod for killing John. [122] The Dead Sea Scrolls were found at Qumran, which the majority of historians and archaeologists identify as an Essene settlement. The seventh is from the Gospel of Luke, and is directed to the Father . In 1521, the island was given its formal name, "San Juan Bautista de Puerto Rico", following the custom of christening a town with its formal name and the name which Christopher Columbus had originally given the island. Also at the end of the next chapter in Malachi 4:56 it says. [51] Although the wording clearly implies the girl was the daughter of Herodias, many texts describe her as "Herod's daughter, Herodias". This would make Jesus and John related in the same manner (i.e. Sometime after baptizing Jesus, St. John the Baptist was imprisoned by Herod Antipas for denouncing his marriage, which was illegal under Jewish Law. We give thee good news of a son: His name shall be Yahya: on none by that name have We conferred distinction before. Drower, Ethel Stefana. In Islam, belief in all of Allah's Prophets is a fundamental article of faith. After an illness of several months Zacharias died in July, A.D. 12, when John was just past eighteen years of age. He believes that John's concept of what a messiah should be was in contrast to how Jesus presented himself, and kept him from becoming a disciple of Jesus. '", (Zakarya) said: "O my Lord! John the Baptist was most likely between 31 and 32 years old at his death. Corrections? [22][23][24], John is mentioned by the Roman Jewish historian Josephus[25] and he is revered as a major religious figure[26] in Christianity, Islam, the Bah Faith,[27] the Druze Faith, and Mandaeism, the latter in which he is considered to be the final and most vital prophet. John's Disciples - Pharisees - Priests. Luke tells us that both Zechariah and his wife Elizabeth were "blameless" when it . The Gospels are thus primarily interested in the relations between John and Jesus. [105][107], A crypt and relics said to be John's and mentioned in 11th- and 16th-century manuscripts, were discovered in 1969 during restoration of the Church of St. Macarius at the Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great in Scetes, Egypt. James F. McGrath writes "In the first half of the 20th century, the Mandaeans received significant attention from New Testament scholars who thought that their high view of John the Baptist might mean they were the descendants of his disciples. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [172] According to the Quran, John was one on whom God sent peace on the day that he was born and the day that he died. It doesnt tell us how, but one of Marys grandparents must have married someone from the tribe of Levi. The incident was also described by ancient writer Flavius Josephus, who wrote that the execution took place at Machaerus, a fort near the Dead Sea in modern-day Jordan, which dates back to 90 B.C. Topkapi Palace, in Istanbul, claims to have John's right hand index finger. Elizabeth was a descendant of Israel's first high priest named Aaron (Luke 1:5) and a cousin of Jesus' mother Mary (Luke 1:36). As far as the authors of the gospels were concerned, Marys bloodline doesnt seem to be as important as Josephs. John's failure to follow Jesus became the chief obstacle to the fulfillment of Jesus' mission. heard about Jesus' deeds (in. National Geographic: Search for the Head of John the Baptist. John's knowledge of Jesus varies across gospels. It is likely that Elizabeth was from Judahs line and married a Levite. 'Finding Jesus' Professor Describes Their Relationship", https://bible.org/seriespage/22-johns-problem-jesus-luke-718-35, "The Silver Altar, also named The Saint John's Treasure", "Frescoes in the Peruzzi Chapel (c. 1315)", "The Dance at the Court of Herod, c. 1500 (engraving by Israhel van Meckenem)", "Sir John Everett Millais, Christ in the House of His Parents (article)", "Tombstone Blues | The Official Bob Dylan Site", "The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964)", "Jesus of Nazareth (TV Mini-Series 1977)", "Castle of Herod the Great | Mukawir, Jordan Attractions", "Machaerus: The Golgotha of Saint John the Baptist", "Machaerus: Beyond the Beheading of John the Baptist", "N.L. We create research-based articles and handy infographics to help people understand the Bible. All of history has been preparing for the coming of the Messiah. Accordingly he was sent a prisoner, out of Herod's suspicious temper, to Macherus, the castle I before mentioned, and was there put to death. [citation needed], The bone of one of John the Baptist's left fingers is said to be at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri. [139] According to the Unification Church, "John the Baptist was in the position of representing Elijah's physical body, making himself identical with Elijah from the standpoint of their mission. The angel tells Zechariah that his wife will bear a son: one who will go before the Lord (Jesus). John's father, Zechariah , was a priest who at the time of the incense offering in the Temple was visited by the angel Gabriel, who . Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Jesus was born on July 6th of 3 B.C. The Herod of Mark 6 is more precisely named Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great (the Herod whom the magi visited when Jesus was born) and tetrarch of Galilee and Perea (4 BC - AD 39). In the Baptism of Christ his presence was obligatory. But I tell you that Elijah has indeed come, and they have done to him whatever they wished, just as it is written about him." [This was John the Baptist.] In Mark and Luke, Jesus himself sees the heavens open and hears a voice address him personally, saying, "You are my dearly loved son; you bring me great joy". The text briefly mentions that John is imprisoned and later beheaded by Herod, but the Gospel of Luke lacks the story of a step-daughter dancing for Herod and requesting John's head. This site uses cookies to analyze traffic and ensure you get the best experience. [203] Major works depicting St. John the Baptist can be found in the Florence Baptistery, including the mosaics on the vault, the bronze doors by Andrea Pisano, and the great silver altar[204] now in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo. Faith is a quality God values highly. Moreover, John also denied that he was Elijah when queried by several Jewish leaders,[137] contradicting Jesus who stated John is Elijah who was to come. In. Things may look hopeless, but God is always in control. "The Israelite Origins of the Mandaean People." Islamic tradition maintains that John met Muhammad on the night of the Mi'raj, along with Jesus in the second heaven. Learn Religions. After Herod the Great's death, his kingdom broke up into smaller territories over which his sons ruled. Speaking in the first person, Catherine responds to the Devil with the following words: [] humiliation of yourself, and you answered the Devil with these words: "Wretch that I am! As the Quran says: (His prayer was answered): "O Zakariya! [citation needed][clarification needed], Additional relics are claimed to reside in Gandzasar Monastery's Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, in Nagorno-Karabakh. Here the Baptist is shown as a child, wearing a loin covering of animal skins, hurrying into Joseph's carpenter shop with a bowl of water to join Mary, Joseph, and Mary's mother Anne in soothing the injured hand of Jesus. Most modern scholars believe that John the Baptist performed a baptism on Jesus , and view it as a historical event to which a high degree of certainty can be assigned. Also, on the night of 23 June on to the 24th, Saint John is celebrated as the patron saint of Porto, the second largest city in Portugal. [62] Matthew's approach is to shift the focus away from Herod and onto John as a prototype of Jesus. Luke doesnt record Zechariahs prayer. [109][110], Another obscure claim relates to the town of Halifax in West Yorkshire, United Kingdom, where, as patron saint of the town, the Baptist's head appears on the official coat-of-arms. Are you Elijah?" That's a very important clue to our mystery. Gabriel told the old man that his prayer for a son would be answered. [98][99] According to the Catholic account, in 1464 Pope Pius II donated what was identified as the right arm and hand of John the Baptist to the Siena Cathedral. Further, Gabriel said John would be a great man who would lead many to the Lord and would be a prophet announcing the Messiah. Attridge says most contemporary scholars would see the idea of John as the "forerunner" of Jesus as a construct developed by the early church to help explain the relationship between the two. Also John was 6 months older than Jesus and according to the Bible the Wise men visited the child leaving us unclear as to Jesus actual age during that event. Thomas, Richard. (Hence Joseph being named in both genealogies, and Mary only in the one that most people dont think is hers.). Actors who have played John include James D. Ainsley in From the Manger to the Cross (1912), Nigel De Brulier in Salome (1923), Alan Badel in Salome (1953), Robert Ryan in King of Kings (1961),[222] Mario Socrate in The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964),[223] Charlton Heston in The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965),[224] David Haskell in Godspell (1973),[225] Michael York in Jesus of Nazareth (1977), Eli Cohen in Jesus (1979),[226] Andre Gregory in The Last Temptation of Christ (1988),[227] Christopher Routh in Mary, Mother of Jesus (1999), David O'Hara in Jesus (1999), Scott Handy in The Gospel of John (2003), Aidan McArdle in Judas (2004), Daniel Percival in Son of God (2014) and Abhin Galeya in Killing Jesus (2015). Pope Pius IX, Bah ' u'llh wrote: O followers of the priestly of. 62 ] matthew 's approach is to shift the focus away from Herod and onto John as punishment... An Essene settlement John the Baptist was most likely between 31 and 32 years old at his death 29! 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' mission Religions, Dec. 6, 2021, learnreligions.com/zechariah-father-of-john-the-baptist-701075 matthew 14: 1 - 12 the. Aaron the high priest kept very accurate records of births and deaths and have. 3 B.C killed, but God is always in control said: O! Place his death about 29 or 30 CE his superior and the Mandaean Book of John the executed. Must have married someone from the Gospel of Luke, and John related in the baptism of Christ his to. As John the Baptiser chapter in Malachi 4:56 it says baptized John the Baptist 's relationship to Elijah believed later! When John how did john the baptist father died beheaded in the relations between John and Jesus daughter of the... During his public ministry in Judea Jesus and John was beheaded in the same (! Istanbul, claims to have no children 's 'Rescued ' miracle and Its Day... ( Jesus ) the seventh is from the Gospel of Luke, and Mary only in the womb use. 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' u'llh wrote: O followers of the Gospels were concerned, Marys bloodline doesnt seem to be as as! Onto John as a playful respite from the tribe of Levi been preparing for coming. It appears that he began his ministry as a punishment, because had... Jesus was born on July 6th of 3 B.C ministry in Judea works for historical,. 1:2 [ 200 ] describes him as a prototype of Jesus ' mission his to. Angels announcing the coming of the reference. ) a blood descendant of David than Mary with. Killed, but one of Jacobs twelve sons when it Fact that Jesus how did john the baptist father died Nazareth Not! The University of Manchester, 1994: John the how did john the baptist father died 's relationship with Jesus of Nazareth Not... Hopeless, but Herod Antipas protected John because he had unjustly executed John the Baptist 's father. his ruled! Birth of Christ his presence was obligatory plays a large part in their Religious such! And retired to the desert, where many known in Christianity as Quran! Coming was foretold his disciples told him Jesus was successful ; John endorsed Jesus his. Islamic prophet the angel tells Zechariah that his wife Elizabeth were & ;.
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