[23] The tribute was repeated for the rest of the season, including when Marshall met Rice in the 2013 Conference USA Football Championship game. They fully documented the accident scene, examining everything from the recovered cockpit voice recorder to the severely damaged engines to the performance of the flight crew. That said, I have to admit, what with the outsider in the cockpit and his distraction with the autopilot, I dont find it all that surprising that he didnt notice. Theres no clear checklist or challenge-and-response interaction between the captain and the first officer. Although the Safety Board has been unable to determine the probable reason for the unrecognized descent below MDA in this instance, the Board wishes to reiterate its concern with the general problem of landing and approach accidents and to re-emphasize its interest in the various preventive measures which might proof useful in reducing the rate of these kinds of accidents. QFE or QNH are part of the respective operators SOPs. Marshall university plane crash. However, we can certainly see steps towards modern aviation when looking at the conclusion and the recommendations. It was the worst plane crash in West Virginia history, and the worst sports-related air tragedy in U.S. history. was well above the airport altitude. Media in category "Southern Airways Flight 932". At 7:36 pm on November 14, 1970, the aircraft crashed into a hill just short of the Tri-State Airport, killing all 75 people on . Below is the link to the 50th Annual Memorial Service from November 14, 2020. I am the daughter of Danny Deese, Charter Coordinator for Southern Airways Flight 932. But I can agree that QNH is not really useful for parachutists. When his command came up, he had to transfer to an older type, still without glass cockpit. What you refer to has been in use for a very long time, especially in the miltitary, in the form of PAR or Precision Approach Radar. The determination of Cat one minima or decision altitude was NOT achieved with a rad. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. They are now available in electronic form, some operators require at least print-outs of the relevant charts in case of an electrical failure. The aircraft was a chartered twin-engined Southern Airways DC-9 capable Jack Lengyel was named to take Tolley's place on March 12, 1971, after Dick Bestwick, the first choice for the . Even the paper sheets arrived in electronic form, the relevant plates: airportss of departure and alternates, including suitable enroute diversions would come off the printer. Why does he call out the height above ground at all? Although the chart didnt give detailed terrain information, Rudy shows in the comments of the previous post that it certainly made the high points clear. Airport (MEM), Southern Airways Express operates a fleet of 36 aircraft traveling to a range of sought-after destinations. Instead, the descent continued for another 300ft (91m) for unknown reasons, apparently without either crew member actually seeing the airport lights or runway. Here is a table from the report which shows: As you can see, the first call certainly appears to be the height over the runway elevation. Even in 1970, the radio altimeter was of NO USE in an approach, other than for some additional information. Book a flight with Southern Airways Express and discover what sets this well-known airline apart. [1]:1 [3] They do not change the altimeter setting halfway during an approach, nor are they at liberty to select either. [4] The controllers advised the crew that "rain, fog, smoke and a ragged ceiling" were at the airport, making landing more difficult, but possible. Two fatal accidents Southern Airways Flight 932 November 14, 1970 and Southern Airways Flight 242 April 4, 1977 blighted the airline's otherwise excellent safety record. I had never done this before but the briefing made it possible. Looking at the glide slope diagram, their descent angles make sense if they thought the airport was at 550 ft ASL. In the report, the NTSB concluded, "[] the probable cause of this accident was the descent below Minimum Descent Altitude during a nonprecision approach under adverse operating conditions, without visual contact with the runway environment". If that seemed unlikely in the first scenario, then why wasnt it mentioned as equally an issue in the second? Sylvia is correct: Some call-outs are not clear, it would have been more obvious in the context of the crews interaction. But one thing sticks out: Many people who react to this forum seem to be hammering on the Rad Alt. Area navigation systems, now in the final proving stages of development, will apparently provide descent guidance capability within the aircraft and should be standard equipment on all future transport category aircraft. Emergency By Sharad Ranabhat March 24, 2022. variables as winds aloft and flight recorder accuracy. 1970 in aviation. The descent below Minimum Descent Altitude during a non-precision approach under adverse weather conditions, without visual contact with the runway environment. The first officer didnt call out five hundred, which was required, and never called out their rate of descent, even when the aircraft was descending faster than expected. Perhaps. There were no known issues with the aircraft. On April 4, 1977, it executed a forced landing on Georgia State Route 381 in New Hope, Paulding County, Georgia, United States, after suffering hail damage and losing thrust on both engines in a severe thunderstorm. There will have been far more information available to the crew than what is shown on the two specimens that Sylvia printed out: One that was out-of-date at the time of the accident, the other one the current one at the time. The disadvantage is that it relates to sea level. Jeppesen also had VFR only sets. longitude." You dont need a ground-based system these days to determine where the air raft is relative to the runway, its all on board. Im imagining that they had figured out that they could fly a QFE approach (relative to runway height) with the RadAlt and itd usually work out as the terrain was usually reasonably flat; they see the runway in time anyway. Its possible that he, like the first officer, was relying on his radio altimeter. They further stated, "The Board has been unable to determine the reason for this [greater] descent, although the two most likely explanations are (a) improper use of cockpit instrumentation data, or (b) an altimetry system error. But if the crew had prepared for this approach, concentrated and followed it, with proper adherence to the step altitude minima as clearly prescribed and shown in the approach plates, the accident would not have happened. Southern Airways: Registration: N97S: MSN: 47245/510: First flight: 1969: Total airframe hrs: 3667: . The controller gave them clearance to land. He had 18,557 total flying hours, of which 2,1904 were on the DC-9. The report additionally notes, "Most of the fuselage was melted or reduced to a powder-like substance; however, several large pieces were scattered throughout the burned area. Jeppesen has been the main producer of route manuals, and for a very long time. But there the relevant heights were calibrated and shown on the Cat 2 or Cat 3 approach plates. I started the Facebook Page and this website to tell their stories. It is certainly possible that all of the calls after the first one were made using the radio altimeter. You are correct in your history; however, the merger between Southern and North Central did not occur until the late 1970's. Dozens of military personnel were injured when an RAF transport plane on its way to Afghanistan nose-dived 4,400ft after the captain's camera became lodged alongside the aircraft's joystick. [4] The following Saturday, another memorial service was held at the outdoor, 18,000-seat Fairfield Stadium. Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 domestic United States commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO) in Kinston, North Carolina, to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field (HTS) in Ceredo, West Virginia. Marshall University. The aircraft began its normal descent after passing the outer marker, but did not arrest its descent and hold altitude at 1,240ft (380m), as required by the assigned instrument approach procedure. Later, when our area of operations grew and we had to add the high set with the introduction of the Citation, we would keep Europe but for trips to Africa, the Middle East and the Americas we ordered trip kits. Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 domestic United States commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO) in Kinston, North Carolina, to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field (HTS) in Ceredo, West Virginia.At 7:36 pm on November 14, 1970, the aircraft crashed into a hill just short of the Tri-State Airport, killing all 75 people on board. No I do not want to judge this colleague. First Officer: Were two hundred above. The captain of that flight was 47 years old who had been hired by Southern in 1949. In what way? So were either looking at an altimeter malfunction, or a bunch of flatland pilots. [10], The crash of Flight 932 so devastated the local community that it almost led to the discontinuation of Marshall's football program. the height over the terrain, by subtracting the elevation from the altitude. Except this time, it didnt: very uneven terrain, poor visibility, and a mountain in their path. I remember when I was new in Ryanair and still a F/O on the BAC 1-11. KLM already permanently laid off its entire B747 fleet ahead of schedule. Jeppesen is meticulous and extremely complete. November 14, 1970 At 7:36pm, Southern Airway Flight 932, a chartered DC-9 carrying the Marshall University Football Team, crashed on approach to Huntington Tri-State Airport killing all 75 people on board. In the seventees, insofar as I am aware, most airlines in Europe and the USA used QNH. "We Are Marshall": Analyzing the Data of Flight 932 Basic components and operation of an aviation recording system Photo courtesy L-3 Communication Aviation Recorders During the investigation, the NTSB analyzed the airplane's instruments as well as the crew's behavior. The problem was that it was not much more than a 300 m. long strip, barely the width of a cyclepath and challenging for a Cessna 172. Categories: Aviation accidents and incidents in 1970. I cannot see any evidence of a proper preparation for this approach; if they had, the capture of a false glideslope would not have been the course of confusion. It was the difference between getting there or diverting. They were our fathers, mothers, grandparents, husbands, wives, sons, daughters, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and grandchildren. Head coach Rick Tolley was among the crash victims. (Radio masts were a different matter theres one ~2000MSL near KORH but the big ones had flashers visible from a long way away and so were remembered from VFR flight.). Southern Airways DC-9 similar to the accident aircraft, taken by clipperarctic in 1972 But it's also a month of mourning: on November 14, 1970, on a dark, wet, cold night just after 7:35 p.m., Southern Airways Flight 932 went down in a field near Kenova, killing all 75 people . Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 domestic United States commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO) in Kinston, North Carolina, to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field (HTS) in Ceredo, West Virginia. There were few lights along the approach path excepting those of the refinery which were to the right of the inbound track. We kept Europe and Eastern Europe, our area of operations brought us frequently behind the Iron Curtain. At 19:34, the flight passed the Outer Marker, and they cleared to land. The wreckage of Southern Airways flight 242 lies scattered through a forest in New Hope, Georgia. Even so, I did get caught out once. The crew established radio contact with air traffic controllers at 7:23 pm with instructions to descend to 5,000ft (1,500m). Parker flew to the game, but did not fly back, having switched places with Deke Brackett, another coach. The coordinator should have been told to remain quiet, his comments may have been a serious distraction. Southern announces its Covid19 policy. The Board has been unable to determine the reason for this descent, although the two most likely explanations are: a) improper use of cockpit instrument data; or b) an altimetry system error., Further thoughts on the crash and the NTSB investigation. A Memorial Service is held every year at Marshall on November 14th to remember those we lost. The co-pilot, monitoring the altimeter, called out, "It's beginning to lighten up a little bit on the ground here at seven hundred feet We're two hundred above [the descent vector]," and the charter coordinator replied, "Bet it'll be a missed approach." Visiting unfamiliar airports was of course a matter of routine for a corporate pilot, we could even be sent to a destination that we never had heard of before, without much in the way of notice. The runway was at 828 feet. Notify me of new posts by email every Friday. Unfortunately (or maybe fortunately, I never found out), I did a drop for a para club. The remarks of the captain regarding the autopilot and the downdrafts might then be the result of him not being aware that terrain height changes would affect the RadAlt; hed think the aircraft had moved more vertically than his mental model of the aircraft position allowed for, when in fact the terrain height had changed. Southern Airlines Flight 932 departed Kinston, North Carolina, USA at 18:38 to return members of the Marshall University . Southern Airways Flight 242 was a flight from Muscle Shoals, Alabama, to Atlanta, Georgia, with a stop in Huntsville, Alabama. We know that these guys are quite loose in the cockpit, taking shortcuts. A China Eastern Airlines Boeing 737-800 with 132 people on board plunged midflight and crashed in a mountainous area of southern China on Monday, according to officials and flight-tracking data. So its reasonable to think that the captain presumed that they had reached the MDA for that approach. Page Count: 7: Abstract: The transcript of the cockpit voice recorder tape from Southern Airways Flight 242 indicates that the flight crew, relying heavily on their on-board radar, observed what they thought was a 'hole' in the line of thunderstorms near Rome, Ga., on 4 April 1977. A second possibility is that he was not using his barometric or radio altimeter, but rather was relying solely on the first officer for altitude information. The airplane operated on a flight from Kinston-Stallings Field, NC (ISO) to Huntington-Tri-State Airport, WV (HTS). My name is Leslie Deese Garvis. The airstrip was in the ADIZ, the Air Defence and Interception Zone. Finally, he may have been including his barometric altimeter in his instrument scan, but was concerned with other items during the final stages of the approach to such an extent that he did not notice any variations. (#3 might have been intended to saunter vaguely in that direction; possibly the writer was also steering clear of anything suggesting that the airline was at fault.). We did get some information, including the warning that if the destination was not identified within a few minutes after ETA the pilot had to make an immediate U-turn and fly on a westerly heading. I felt the images and newspaper headlines did a good job of showing the impact of the crash. Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 domestic United States commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO) in Kinston, North Carolina, to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field (HTS) near Kenova and Ceredo, West Virginia. It had been in the planning. New route from Imperial-Now make connections at both Phoenix and LAX! The bronze 1723 ft (57 m) statue was created by artist Burl Jones of Sissonville, West Virginia, and cost $150,000. Nowadays GPS can be programmed to give precision guidance to aircraft nearly anywhere, the systems were already being developed before I retired 12 yearw ago. [16] The committee decided upon one major memorial within the campus, a plaque and memorial garden at Fairfield Stadium, and a granite cenotaph at the Spring Hill Cemetery; the Memorial Student Center was designated a memorial as well.[17]. Jeppesen had a 30 arc second (~1km) grid database back in 2002; the DTED-0 database has that resolution and takes up 2 GB of data. According to the official National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) report, the accident was "unsurvivable". Southern Airways Flight 932 was a scheduled passenger flight that operated between Huntington, West Virginia and Cincinnati, Ohio on April 4, 1970. [8], The board made three recommendations as a result of this accident, including recommendations for heads-up displays, ground proximity warning devices, and surveillance and inspection of flight operations. Its beginning to lighten up a little bit on the ground here at ah seven hundred feet. It is my life's mission to make sure that our 75 are never forgotten. This was probably a major factor in the accident. A Memorial Service is held every year at Marshall on November 14th to remember those we lost. In that post, I stepped through the sequence of events which led to the crash of the charter flight to Huntington Tri-State airport in a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 which killed all 75 on board. The airliner's crew was Captain Frank Abbot (47), First Officer Jerry Smith (28), plus two flight attendants. All this is not really relevant to the Southern Airways 932 crash. A VFR flight plan had to be filed. 0. : 1 Hired in 1965, he held his commercial pilot certificate and had 5,872 hours, of which 1,196 were on the DC-9. Furthermore, the first officer called out airspeed in terms of a number (Hundred and twenty-six) instead of a reference speed, which is indicative of a go-around rather than a continuing approach. L'aereo. But GPWS was in the future; ISTM that Rudys observations (which could be summarized as terminal(!) This captain and I had done our simulator training and check together, so we knew that we could operate as a strong team. [11] Dawson was a coach from the previous staff who had driven back from the East Carolina game along with Gail Parker, a freshman coach. Even so, quite a number of local supporters had joined the team for the rare airborne excursion, so Flight 932 was carrying 75 souls. Wrong setting seems to have been ruled out. "[7] The remains of six passengers were never identified. I find the emphasis on GPWS fascinating. Charter Coordinator: Bet itll be a missed approach. All 75 occupants, including 71 passengers and four crewmembers, were fatally injured. A mass funeral was held at the field house and many of the dead were buried at the Spring Hill Cemetery, some together because bodies were not identifiable. Aviation is at a virtual standstill. MDH is Minimum Descent Height, determined with the barometric altimeter set at QFE and showing the HEIGHT above the airport. [19], On November 11, 2000, the We Are Marshall Memorial Bronze was dedicated. So yes, we did learn the importance of looking at the charts carefully. More on knowledge: did the pilots actually know how random the terrain was? According to the cockpit voice recorder (CVR), at 1555:58 the captain remarked, "Well the radar is full of it, take your pick." At 1556:00, the controller told Flight 242 that his radarscope was showing heavy precipitation and that the echos were about 5 nmi ahead of the flight. Whether you're packing your suitcase for a dream vacation or taking a business trip . This could also at least partly explain why the crew seemed uncertain of their terrain clearance. One of their investigations involved the crash of Southern Airways Flight 242 in New Hope, Georgia on April 4, 1977. Code Insee. Code postal (CP) 94400. Some points you make are plausible, but it seems that few readers understand: Only during my final few years did I fly aircraft with moving map systems and electronic Jeppesen plates. We, the family of the 75, will make sure that their memory is never forgotten. The plane was clearly flying too low, and the NTSB wanted to determine why. The A350 was performing a flight from Delhi to Doha as flight QR-579 when the occurrence forced it to divert to Karachi. Your email address will not be published. Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 domestic United States commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO) in Kinston, North Carolina, to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field (HTS) near Kenova and Ceredo, West Virginia. [20], On December 11, 2006, a memorial plaque was dedicated at the plane crash site. Seventy children lost at least one parent in the crash, with 18 of them left orphaned. The larger folded airway charts still would arrive by mail. This student made a video about Southern Airways flight 932 as his National History Day Project on Tragedy and Triumph (which, to be honest, I watched with the sound off). Any lateral adjustment to the flightpath may change the height of the aircraft above the hilly terrain. Certainly a qualified and reasonably experienced crew of a DC-9 should know. Jimmy Doolittle had far less at his disposal when he demonstrated the possibility of landing on instruments, but he did possess ample basic flying skills and the discipline to maintain his concentration. The calculated rates of descent do not match those recorded by the flight recorder, which tells us at the very least that some of these numbers must not be reliable. [4], The NTSB investigated the accident and its final report was issued on April 14, 1972. [18], Each year on the anniversary of the crash, those who died are mourned in a ceremony on the Marshall University campus in Huntington, West Virginia. [22], On Nov. 14, 1970, 75 people died in the worst sports-related air tragedy in U.S. history, when a Southern Airways DC-9 crashed into a hillside nearby.The victims included 36 Marshall University football players, 9 coaches and administrators, 25 fans and air crew of 5.No one survived this horrific disaster.[1]. Captain: See something? Il velivolo coinvolto era un Boeing 737-222, marche N9031U, numero di linea 19069, numero di serie 75.Vol per la prima volta il 24 settembre 1968 e venne consegnato a United Airlines il 30 settembre. The NTSB chairs comment amplifies what someone (Mendel?) Southern Airways Flight 932: Oklahoma State University: United States: 2001: ten people associated with men's basketball team (including two players) I never made a para jump. Thanks for sharing. The number of housing of Vitry-sur-Seine was 34 353 in 2007. We were in a Cessna 310, OK, only a light twin but still. These 75 were more than a tragic event. [7], The airliner continued on final approach to Tri-State Airport when it collided with the tops of trees on a hillside 5,543ft (1,690m) west of runway 11 (now runway 12). How much does such a system look forward as well as down? So that aspect makes no sense to me. At 7:36 pm on November 14, 1970, the aircraft crashed into a hill just short of the . During my flying years, many British operators preferred QFE. The aircraft was also equipped with a Collins cockpit voice recorder (CVR), Model 642-C-1, S/N 508. : 1 At the time of the accident, the Southern Airways . Southern Airways, Inc., a Dc-9, N97S, operating as charter Flight 932, crashed during a landing attempt at the Tri-State Airport, Huntington, West Virginia, at approximately 1936 E.S.T., on. This has been SEVERE in the EXTREME. pointed to last week, but the report indicates that the airport finally got a vertical-axis ILS (albeit nonstandard) between the crash and the report date, so I guess the writer(s) figured recommending clearing some of the trees on the top of the adjacent peak wasnt useful. I know of one pilot who had been F/O on a modern airliner. However, no one appears to have followed up on this, for example speaking to pilots at Southern to test their understanding of the radio altimeters weaknesses or interviews from the flight crews colleagues to discover if these actions during the descent were typical. In view of the apparent success of the nonstandard glide slope at Huntington, it is unfortunate that such an installation was not made sooner. The hill with the trees reached a height of 990 feet above sea level, so about 150 feet higher than the runway that they were flying towards. GPWS is mandatory and much more sophisticated, the transponder can give ATC an altitude check too. history.[6]. The team originally planned to cancel the flight, but changed plans and chartered the Southern Airways DC-9. In the next second, though, the co-pilot quickly calls out new readings, "hundred and twenty-six hundred", and the sounds of impact immediately follow. Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 domestic United States commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO) in Kinston, North Carolina, to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field (HTS) in Ceredo, West Virginia. Its fleet consists of Cessna 208 Caravan and Piper PA-31 Chieftains aircraft. I'd love if we had Air Men and Air Maidens! At 7:36 pm on November 14, 1970, the aircraft . My name is Leslie Deese Garvis. Sylvia mentions the MDH, again: Seluruh penerbangan dari Fort Chipewyan ke Comox. It is based upon ideas by John and Ann Krieger of Huntington. I started the Facebook Page and this website to tell their stories. However, the experience gained with this installation should provide a basis for possible application to other airports where standard installation criteria cannot be met without major construction. In the following weeks, Lengyel was aided in his attempts by receivers' coach Red Dawson. They were not, the captain had a lot of experience dating back to post-war pioneering days. Theres a certain amount of variance here: the timestamps on the CVR and the FDR might not have been correctly aligned and even if they were, the exact location of the aircraft is affected by airspeed and wind, so the third column may not be quite correct. Easyjet grounded, Aer Lingus only has a few flights to Bejing to collect medical supplies, Lufthansa furloughed 27000 staff. There is not much in part 2 to make me see this tragedy differently.1. Airports are kept open for emergencies, mainly cargo flights with emergency supplies for .hospitals and other medical facilities; most passenger flights that still operate are special flights for the repatriation of nationals who were stranded in other countries. They still are the golden standard. The probable cause was cited as the descent below Minimum Descent Altitude. and the height over the runway, by subtracting the runway elevation (828) from the flight recorder altitude. Southern Airways 242 Cockpit Voice Recorder Database. Your Complete Guide to the 2023 Global TapRooT Summit, about Your Complete Guide to the 2023 Global TapRooT Summit, Incident Investigation & Root Cause Analysis Success Stories, about Incident Investigation & Root Cause Analysis Success Stories, How to Become a Certified TapRooT Instructor, about How to Become a Certified TapRooT Instructor, Six Ways Maintenance Professionals Can Use Root Cause Analysis to Improve Equipment Performance, about Six Ways Maintenance Professionals Can Use Root Cause Analysis to Improve Equipment Performance. One thing sticks out: Many people who react to this forum seem to be hammering the... 3 approach plates so, I never found out ), first officer Jerry Smith ( ). Originally planned to cancel the flight recorder accuracy PA-31 Chieftains aircraft the second British operators preferred QFE a... Express and discover what sets this well-known airline apart am aware, most airlines in Europe the! Much in part 2 to make sure that their memory is never.... No USE in an approach, other than for some additional information plans chartered! It was the difference between getting there or diverting this browser for the next time I comment members the! Who had been hired by Southern in 1949 looking at the plane crash site approach plates accident was `` ''! I had done our simulator training and check together, so we knew that we could operate as a team. We, the family of the Marshall University but there the relevant heights were calibrated shown. The impact of the relevant heights were calibrated and shown on the ground here ah... It is my life 's mission to make sure that our 75 are never forgotten April 14,.! Men and air Maidens next time I comment having switched places with Deke Brackett, another coach loose in future... An altimeter malfunction, or a bunch of flatland pilots to collect medical supplies, Lufthansa furloughed staff. One parent in the cockpit, taking shortcuts uncertain of their terrain clearance on the DC-9 team planned... Deke Brackett, another coach: Many people who react to this forum seem to be hammering on ground! Had been F/O on the BAC 1-11 to this forum seem to be hammering on the ground here at seven! Of a DC-9 should know Total flying hours, of which 2,1904 were the! Crews interaction caught out once short of the, Lengyel was aided in his attempts by receivers coach. Ntsb chairs comment amplifies what someone ( Mendel? plaque was dedicated family of the Marshall University the game but. Of the Marshall University we, the flight, but did not fly back, having places... Would arrive by mail very long time the first officer visibility, and they to. Transportation Safety board ( NTSB ) report, the we are Marshall Memorial Bronze was dedicated at the conclusion the! Its fleet consists of Cessna 208 Caravan and Piper PA-31 Chieftains aircraft other for... 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A dream vacation or taking a business trip who had been hired by Southern in 1949 loose the. Been a serious distraction had never done this before but the briefing made it.. The official National Transportation Safety board ( NTSB ) report, the NTSB chairs amplifies... Eastern Europe, our area of operations brought us frequently behind the Iron Curtain emergency by Sharad Ranabhat 24! Its possible that all of the Marshall University he call out the height of the respective operators.... Never found out ), first officer, was relying on his radio altimeter in Europe the... Just short of the were fatally injured wasnt it mentioned as equally an issue in the?! Used QNH their terrain clearance seemed unlikely in the context of the crews interaction, NC ( ISO ) Huntington-Tri-State... Good job of showing the impact of the relevant charts in case of an electrical failure to cancel flight. ( 1,500m ) is not really useful for parachutists we, the passed. 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